Which of the following activities is associated with the Plan phase in ISO 27001?

The choice associated with the Plan phase in ISO 27001 is closely tied to the need for a structured approach when establishing an Information Security Management System (ISMS). In this phase, organizations focus on identifying their information security needs, which includes assessing risks and determining which controls should be put in place to mitigate these risks effectively.

Choosing controls based on a risk assessment ensures that the selected measures are tailored to the specific threats and vulnerabilities that the organization faces, making it a fundamental activity in the planning stage. This helps to create a proactive and risk-based approach toward information security.

In contrast, the other activities listed are part of different phases within the ISO 27001 framework. Implementing improvements typically falls under the Do phase, which involves executing the planned controls and processes. Conducting internal audits is an evaluation activity that is part of the Check phase, dedicated to assessing the performance and compliance of the ISMS against the planned arrangements. Improving processes is a continuous improvement activity that aligns more with the Act phase, where organizations review and refine their practices based on previous outcomes and learning from audits and performance evaluations.