What must the risk assessment methodology establish according to ISO 27001?

The risk assessment methodology as outlined in ISO 27001 must establish criteria for conducting the information security risk assessment. This is crucial because the criteria provide a structured approach to identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks related to information security within an organization. By setting clear criteria, the organization can ensure that the assessment is comprehensive and consistent, allowing for a uniform understanding of how risks will be evaluated and managed.

This methodology is integral to the overall risk management process, enabling organizations to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities while also assessing the impact of these risks on the organization's information assets. Establishing clear criteria ensures that all potential risks are considered and helps in making informed decisions about risk mitigation strategies.

Other options do not align with the requirements of ISO 27001. For example, financial limits for risk acceptance are not implicit in the methodology but may be part of the wider risk management strategy. Similarly, criteria focused solely on technology risks overlook the broader spectrum of information security risks that can encompass physical, procedural, and human factors, all of which are important for a holistic approach. Guidelines for employee training, while essential for cultivating a security-aware culture, do not directly pertain to the risk assessment methodology itself. Thus, the emphasis on establishing criteria for conducting risk assessments is foundational