What does external context refer to in ISO 27001?

External context in ISO 27001 refers specifically to the external environment issues that can influence the information security management system (ISMS) of an organization. This encompasses various factors such as legal, regulatory, social, economic, and environmental issues that affect how information security is managed. By understanding the external context, organizations can better identify threats and opportunities that may impact their information security objectives.

Considering the other options, internal issues deal with the organization's own structure and processes rather than external influences, while stakeholder interests and concerns represent specific perspectives rather than the broader external environment. Technical requirements relate to the actual implementation of security measures, which is separate from the contextual framework that influences risk assessment and strategy. Recognizing the external context helps organizations align their information security strategies with their external environment, ensuring more effective risk management and compliance with applicable standards.